AVR Pinout

Lab1 Material : Solderless Breadboards

Using Solderless Breadboards in our Labs is the best approach to provide the maximum flexibility, which allows us to adapt and change the circuits while we are experimenting and thus see if our ideas would work in a real world application.

Solderless Breadboards MB-102 connections by Ralf Fickert

The holes in the numbered columns are connected together on the underside of the board. I marked the row 1 to 5 with orange arrows to show how the holes are connected.  As you can see 5 holes a – e and f – j are connected on each side of the gap. The yellow arrows are showing you how the power rail holes (Blue ‘– ‘ and Red ‘+’) are connected. Therefore when you connect a power supply to a hole of the power rail then the power is available at all connected holes of this power rail. Power rails are located on the top and bottom of the breadboard.

Multiple breadboards can be joined if required to provide more space for experimenting.

We use the Breadboard Model: MB-102 (Ever-muse electronic) within our Labs:

  • Ideal for high frequency and low noise circuits
  • Interconnect any components with 20-29 AWG (0.3-0.8 mm) wire
  • Special designed spring clip over 5,000 insertion cycles
  • Specifications: 830 points
  • Size: 16.5 x 5.4 x 0.9 cm
  • Net weight: 77 g

I hope this is useful for you,

Ralf

Lab1 Material : Microcontroller ATmega168 Pinout

Microcontroller AVR Pinout for ATmega168 by Ralf Fickert

Here is an extract from the Atmel datasheet for the ATmega  48A/PA/88A/PA/168A/PA/328/P

Please follow this link to access the complete Atmel datasheet document:

Atmel-8271IS-AVR- ATmega-Datasheet_10/2014

VCC

Digital supply voltage.

GND

Ground.

Port B (PB7:0) XTAL1/XTAL2/TOSC1/TOSC2

Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port B output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port B pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running. Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB6 can be used as input to the inverting Oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit. Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB7 can be used as output from the inverting Oscillator amplifier. If the Internal Calibrated RC Oscillator is used as chip clock source, PB7…6 is used as TOSC2…1 input for the Asynchronous Timer/Counter2 if the AS2 bit in ASSR is set.

Port C (PC5:0)

Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The PC5…0 output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.

PC6/RESET

If the RSTDISBL Fuse is programmed, PC6 is used as an I/O pin. Note that the electrical characteristics of PC6 differ from those of the other pins of Port C.

If the RSTDISBL Fuse is unprogrammed, PC6 is used as a Reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse length will generate a Reset, even if the clock is not running.

Port D (PD7:0)

Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The Port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source capability. As inputs, Port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up resistors are activated. The Port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if the clock is not running.

AVCC

AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D Converter, PC3:0, and ADC7:6. It should be externally connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC through a low-pass filter.

Note that PC6…4 use digital supply voltage, VCC.

AREF

AREF is the analog reference pin for the A/D Converter.

ADC7:6 (TQFP and QFN/MLF Package Only)

In the TQFP and QFN/MLF package, ADC7:6 serve as analog inputs to the A/D converter. These pins are powered from the analog supply and serve as 10-bit ADC channels.

All the best,

Ralf